ABSTRACT
Background: International Diabetes Federation estimated that India has more diabetic patients 74 million than any other country of the world after China 121 million. Family history of the first-degree relatives being a traditional risk factor, parental-specific transmission of risk alleles to offspring often associated with DNA methylation and imprinting. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the genetic role of lipid profile as an early indicator of atherogenesis and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) onset and to provide necessary interventional/preventional measures. Materials and Methods: Taking all inclusion and exclusion criteria into consideration, 50 offsprings of diagnosed diabetic parents (>5 years) were taken as cases, and 50 healthy age-matched offsprings were taken from non-diabetic parents as controls. A thorough physical and systemic examination was done. After getting informed written consent, anthropometric measurements and fasting blood sample were collected for cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. Statistical analysis was done by Student’s t-test in SPSS software. Results: The mean values for cholesterol (mg/dl) were 169 ± 24.95 in controls and 193 ± 28.10 in cases with P = 0.0001. Simultaneously, mean values for TG (mg/dl) were 132 ± 37.95 for controls and 155.2 ± 58.1 for cases with P = 0.0240 (significant). Conclusion: Although anthropometric measurements did not show any statistically significant variations, significant values of cholesterol and TG cannot be ignored. By keeping the view of genetic history of Type 2 diabetic parents, the future advice for a regular Doppler studies along with low dose of statin drugs to prolong the possible atherogenesis complications can be given.
ABSTRACT
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder which is caused by a composite combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. One of the most contributing quantitative risk factors is family history. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in T2DM ranges from 20% to 30% and the lifetime risk of developing diabetes is up to 40% if either of parents is type 2 diabetic. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to know whether non-diabetic offsprings of diabetic parents having chances of becoming diabetic and to have PAD in future part of life. Material and Methods: Taking all inclusion and exclusion criteria into consideration, 50 offsprings of diagnosed diabetic parents (>5 years) were taken as cases, and 50 healthy age-matched offsprings were taken from non-diabetic parents as controls. A thorough physical and systemic examination were done. After getting informed written consent, anthropometric measurements, FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, were measured. By taking ankle systolic blood pressure (SBP) and brachial SBP, ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) was calculated using a hand held vascular Doppler. Statistical analysis was done by Student’s t-test in SPSS software. Results: The mean HbA1c (%) level for controls was 5.68 ± 0.35 and for cases was 5.85 ± 0.44 with a P-value of 0.035 (significant). Similarly mean values for ankle SBP (mm Hg) were 148.4 ± 17.33 in controls and 159.8 ± 23.66 in cases with a P-value 0.0071 (significant). About 32% of controls and 50% of cases showed a non-compressible ABPI (ncABPI) arteries of >1.3, whereas only 2% of cases showed a typical ABPI of PAD, that is, <0.9. Conclusion: HbA1c being slightly higher in cases as compared to controls, points toward some ongoing dysregulation of blood glucose levels. With a ncABPI ratio being more in cases than in controls, our study showed that offsprings of diabetic parents are at more risk to develop atherosclerotic related complications such as PAD and CVD in future.